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周雪姣, 李文军. 中芬两个近郊型国家森林公园的森林文化活动比较[J]. 北京林业大学学报(社会科学版), 2019, 18(2): 37-45. DOI: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2018023
引用本文: 周雪姣, 李文军. 中芬两个近郊型国家森林公园的森林文化活动比较[J]. 北京林业大学学报(社会科学版), 2019, 18(2): 37-45. DOI: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2018023
ZHOU Xue-jiao, LI Wen-jun. Comparison of Forest Culture Activities Between Two Suburban Forest Parks of China and Finland[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (Social Science), 2019, 18(2): 37-45. DOI: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2018023
Citation: ZHOU Xue-jiao, LI Wen-jun. Comparison of Forest Culture Activities Between Two Suburban Forest Parks of China and Finland[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (Social Science), 2019, 18(2): 37-45. DOI: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2018023

中芬两个近郊型国家森林公园的森林文化活动比较

Comparison of Forest Culture Activities Between Two Suburban Forest Parks of China and Finland

  • 摘要: 人类起源于森林,人与森林具有天生的情感联系,但现代城市化生活阻隔了人与森林的天生情感联结,因此在大都市附近建立森林公园是城市居民的健康、心理、情感需求。一些欧美发达国家已经建立了很多成熟的国家森林公园,而我国的国家森林公园建设尚处于起步阶段。选取在林业方面有长期稳定合作关系的中芬两国2个近郊型国家森林公园——中国湖南省省会长沙市郊的黑麋峰国家森林公园和芬兰首都赫尔辛基市附近的努克西奥国家森林公园作为研究对象,分析比较其森林文化活动,为完善我国国家森林公园的森林文化建设提供理论依据与建议。通过实地调查与分析比较,得出以下结论:①降低游客的游玩成本,这样能促使更多普通收入的城市居民多去森林公园。减少游玩成本可通过取消门票,提供便捷、廉价、环保的公共交通出行方式达到,在公园收入不足时可考虑政府增加资金投入维持公园运转。②公园内减少商业运作,把商业所带来的喧哗降低到最低。商业运作不免需要大张旗鼓宣传,带来一些喧哗,这不符合人们到大自然中寻求宁静的主旨思想。即使进行必要的商业运作,也要尽量保持森林公园一贯的宁静。③森林公园内应尽量减少现代化设施,维持公园自然状态,真正实现人回归自然的目的,如园区建设尽量使用自然材料(石子、木材等),保护自然生态系统和自然文化遗产的原真性和完整性。④提高游客在园区内活动的品质,培养人们热爱自然、珍爱生命的生态意识。森林旅游在中国刚刚兴起,许多游客仍注重观光、休闲、游乐,需要一些时间培养人们单纯地融入自然的出游意识,方可达到放松目的。⑤有必要进行系统科学的游客反馈调查,认真对待游客反馈,根据游客意见调整公园运行模式。

     

    Abstract: The human beings originated in the forest, and there is a natural emotional connection between people and forest; however, the modern city life cuts off such natural emotional bond between people and forest. Therefore, establishing forest parks near a city is the health, psychological, and emotional needs of city residents. Many mature national forest parks have been established in European and American developed countries, while the construction of national forest parks in China is still in its infancy. Based on the field investigation and literature review, we compared and analyzed the similarities and differences of activity by which modern tourists interact with forests at the Heimifeng National Forest Park near Changsha City of Hunan Province and the Nuuksio National Forest Park near Helsinki of Finland, and tried to earn experiences for improving the construction of national forest parks in China. We draw the following conclusions. ① The tourism cost should be waived as much as possible by cancelling the entrance tickets, offering cheap and convenient public transportation and even providing financial subsidies by government if possible. ② The commercial operations should be reduced, which would minimize the noise caused by the commercial activities. Business operations inevitably require public attentions and thus bring noise, which is not in line with the idea that people seek peace in nature. Forest parks should be kept as quiet as possible even in the necessary business operations. ③ The natural materials such as stones and timber should be utilized to protect the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems as well as natural and cultural heritage. This will enable citizens to have close connections with nature in a peaceful and natural environment during weekends or short holidays. ④ We should improve the quality of tourists' activities in the parks, and cultivate their ecological consciousness of loving nature and cherishing life. Forest tourism has just risen in China, and many tourists still put emphasis on sightseeing, leisure and recreation. It takes some time to cultivate a simple sense of going out only for nature. ⑤ It is necessary to carry out a systematic and scientific tourist feedback survey, then take the tourists' feedback seriously and adjust the park operation mode according to tourists' feedback.

     

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