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孙泽晨. 由伐山到植树:雍乾时期“苗疆”林业政策的演变以湘黔二省为例[J]. 北京林业大学学报(社会科学版), 2021, 20(4): 64-68. DOI: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2021046
引用本文: 孙泽晨. 由伐山到植树:雍乾时期“苗疆”林业政策的演变以湘黔二省为例[J]. 北京林业大学学报(社会科学版), 2021, 20(4): 64-68. DOI: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2021046
SUN Ze-chen. From Deforestation to Afforestation: The Evolution of Forestry Policy in Miao Regions in the Period of Yongzheng and Qianlong —— In Case of Hunan and Guizhou Provinces[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (Social Science), 2021, 20(4): 64-68. DOI: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2021046
Citation: SUN Ze-chen. From Deforestation to Afforestation: The Evolution of Forestry Policy in Miao Regions in the Period of Yongzheng and Qianlong —— In Case of Hunan and Guizhou Provinces[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (Social Science), 2021, 20(4): 64-68. DOI: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2021046

由伐山到植树:雍乾时期“苗疆”林业政策的演变以湘黔二省为例

From Deforestation to Afforestation: The Evolution of Forestry Policy in Miao Regions in the Period of Yongzheng and Qianlong —— In Case of Hunan and Guizhou Provinces

  • 摘要: 清代林业政策在制定与执行过程中,深受同一时期政治、经济等因素的影响,存在阶段性差异。雍乾之际,在开辟与治理“苗疆”时,官方对待当地山林的态度也存在差异。地方官府与清廷作为不同的利益方,出于各自的施政需求,形成了不同的林业政策理念。在此过程中,地方官府作为治理“苗疆”的直接责任者,对山林的潜在威胁最为敏感,进而提出伐除山林的建议。然而,清廷则出于恢复全国经济的整体需求,要求各省落实植树造林政策。面对“苗疆”贫瘠的现实,也迫使地方官府不得不转而通过植树造林以广开利源。两种因素形成的合力,推动了“苗疆”林业政策的转变。

     

    Abstract: In the Qing dynasty, the formulation and implementation of forestry policies were influenced considerably by political, economic and other factors at the time, and showed discrepancy in different stages. In the period of Yongzheng and Qianlong, there were differences in official attitude towards local mountain forests in the course of development and construction of Miao regions in Hunan and Guizhou Provinces. The central government and local governors had different interests, and different policies and ideas were thus formed produced out of different administrative demands. As the direct sector responsible for the management of Miao regions, the local government was most sensitive to various threats to mountain forests, and thereby put forward suggestions of deforestation. However, in order to promote the national economic recovery, the central government required all provinces to implement forest planting policies. The reality of poverty in Miao regions also forced the local government to expand the source of profits through afforestation. The two factors jointly promoted the transformation of forestry policies in Miao regions.

     

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