Abstract: Classification management is one of the main characteristics of nature reserves management system in China. But state nature reserves and local administration nature reserves under the regulations are only the approval system and embody the concept of protection. Management pattern of nature reserves can be divided into nine types. There are big differences in the nine patterns in management foundation and coordination ability of management because different management pattern occupies different resources of administration, personnel, financial and law enforcement. By analyzing management pattern, this paper selects thirtyeight indexes in thirteen categories to evaluate the management effectiveness of national nature reserves subordinate to the State Forestry Administration (SFA). Results show that the management effectiveness of national nature reserves is good as a whole, and the management effectiveness is direct proportional to administration level. Provincial administration has the higher efficiency than municipal and county administration. Direct administration by governments at all levels has the higher efficiency than departments’ administration at the same level.