Abstract: Garbage sorting is an environmental-friendly method, and plays a key role in construction of ecology civilization. Based on questionnaires on 280 residents of 8 communities in Haidian, Shijingshan, Dongcheng and Xicheng districts, this paper collects the data of population characteristics, ways of knowing garbage sorting, and cognition of garbage sorting. The authors expound residents'cognition of garbage sorting with descriptive statistical analysis method. It builds multiple linear regression models to ensure the impact factors on residents'cognition. Results show that Beijing residents have higher cognition level on garbage sorting. But there exists differences among various groups. Factors such as gender, age, educational level have significant impact on cognition level of garbage sorting. The authors finally put forward that garbage sorting should be integrated into the subjects of voluntary education.