Abstract: Based on the survey data of Jianning County, Fujian Province, and using Binary Logistic Regression Model, this research explores the factors that influence the farmers'willingness to plant energy trees as well as their behavior mechanisms. The study shows that the education level of the household head, forest land area, the share of forest income in total family income, and expectations about bio- energy forest construction have significant effects. When the head of the household has a high level of education, the household has a large area of forest land, the level of forest income accounts little in the total family income and the farmers are optimistic about bio-energy forest construction, they are more likely to turn their planting willingness into planting behavior. Therefore the government should step up publicity, formulate relevant policies, and provide seedlings and planting training for farmers so as to stabilize their income expectation and reduce their participation risk. The creation of incentive policies can greatly enhance the farmers'participating willingness.