Abstract: "The strictest protection" has become hot words in the field of ecological management in China in the past years. A nature reserves system composed mainly of national parks is developing in China, and the question how will"the strictest protection" be realized in these nature reserves is now being raised. In fact, the word "protection" has changed to "conservation" in the management of protected areas and the latter is the mainstream idea to instruct laws and actions in the majority of countries. In this paper, we summarize the experience of conservation in American and Hong Kong protected areas. As far as the protected areas in China are concerned, based on the constraint of "large in population and complicated in land property" and the diverse relation between humans and biosphere, "mountains, rivers, forests, farmland, lakes, grasslands and human" should be considered as a community of life and requires systematic governance. Based on the scientific itemized conservation requirements of the protected area and LAC theory, a negative and positive behavior list of local residents and government and visitors should be given. Meanwhile, necessary management systems and its innovations (i.e. conservation easement, green brand concession) are also needed for developing an eco-friendly growth models. At last, the achievements of conservation will benefit all people, local habitants as priority, which could promote well-coordinated ecological conservation. "The strictest protection" should be interpreted and executed as "the strictest conservation based on science" in China from now on.