Abstract: The ultimate goal of China’s National Park System is to effectively protect the most important, essential and basic parts of nature protected areas, and also to ensure that contemporary and future generations can enjoy the ecological well-being and benefits provided by nature ecosystem. China’s National Park System has gone through the concept introduction, pilot start-up stage, and is now in the overall promotion stage. We need to dialectically understand the effectiveness and criticism of national parks system in other countries, and constantly enrich the theoretical source and ideological meaning of the National Park System with Chinese characteristics. The main features of the system are following the idea of ecological civilization, taking ecological protection as the primary goal, taking the management of natural resources assets as the core, meeting the needs of national well-being and realizing centralized and unified management by the federal government. To achieve this goal, the top-level design of the system requires ten major systems such as the system of laws, standards, technology, management, planning, investment, inspector, research, survey, and eco-products. The direction of future efforts would be adherence to the concept of serving people, steady advancement of system planning, priority to developing the “Third Pole National Park Group of the Earth”, etc. The research can provide valuable reference for the implementation of the century-old plan of China’s Protected Area and the inheritance of the millennium cause of national parks.