Abstract: The ecological civilization thought of XI Jin-ping has deep theoretical origin and realistic foundation. It contains six basic contents, i.e., harmonious natural view, green development concept, ecological livelihood concept, ecological system view, ecological rule of law and global ecological view, and has extensive implications in the new era. This thought realizes the unity of “theory guidance” and “problem orientation”, realizes the unity of ecological “three outlooks” and realizes the unity of “national consciousness” and “human feelings”, with distinct characteristics. To carry out the ecological civilization thought of XI Jin-ping, we need to solve the existing outstanding environmental problems. We need to adhere to the guidance of systematic thinking. We need to carry out the new development concept, to promote the formation of green development mode and life style. We need to rely on people’s conscious actions, to rely on the system and rule of law, and to rely on global cooperation etc.