Abstract: High-quality construction of green Belt and Road Initiative is a vital way to comprehensive green transformation of social and economic development and to raise the level of green development of opening to the outside world. Firstly, based on the panel data of bilateral trade between China and the countries that jointly build Belt and Road Initiative from 2004 to 2018, this paper measures the extended margin, diversification index and product category of China's forestry environmental goods export to explore the export structure characteristics and changes of forestry environmental goods from various angles of view. On this basis, this paper introduces factors such as green new infrastructure and others to expand the bilateral trade gravity model, and makes an empirical test on the structural optimization effect of green new infrastructure on the forestry environmental goods export. The results indicate that from the perspective of product scope economy, the export scope of China's forestry environmental goods is expanding. The new green infrastructure of export destination countries can significantly improve the export scope of China's forestry environmental goods and optimize the export product structure from the view of green transformation. The new green infrastructure of export destination countries is able to positively affect extension margin and product category of export through reducing trade cost. Based on the empirical conclusion, some suggestions are put forward to promote the development of green Belt and Road Initiative, such as advancing environmental goods list, promoting green new infrastructure connectivity and giving full play to scope economic advantage of forestry environmental goods.