Abstract: Affected by the global COVID-19 pandemic and unilateral trade protectionism, sustainable trade, which is closely related to economic development has become the focus of attention everywhere. Taking 32 representative countries and regions in the world economy as examples, according to their relevant panel data from 1995 to 2018, based on the non-radial three-stage SBM-DEA model, combined with the Malmquist index, this paper measures innovation efficiency, and analyzes its relationship with the impact of green technology progress on sustainable trade. The spatial Durbin model is adopted for regression analysis and effect decomposition. In terms of interaction, combined with the results of the spatial Dobin and error models, the Bootstrap mediation effect was comprehensively considered for analysis. The result shows that the progress of green technology not only promotes the sustainable trade development of a single country, but also has a positive spillover effect on surrounding areas or areas with similar economic development levels. The effect of green technological progress on sustainable trade is positively affected by innovation efficiency.