Abstract: The construction of a Beautiful China is a long-standing concern and striving goal of all Chinese people. Currently, China has initially formed a governance structure for the construction of a Beautiful China, characterized by multi-party participation, including the leadership of the Communist Party of China, government guidance, enterprise involvement, and the active roles of social organizations and the public. This system is further supported by cultural leadership, institutional safeguards, and nationwide action, forming a collaborative governance pattern of joint planning, construction, governance, and sharing. However, there are still some issues within the whole-society participation in building a Beautiful China, such as the weak function of cultural cultivation, low levels of harmonious governance, and insufficient public participation. It calls for a shift in ideological thinking, the establishment of an ecological culture system, and the creation of an environmental governance system with the involvement of diverse stakeholders. Additionally, there is a need to improve mechanisms for active participation by everyone, ensuring the development of a collaborative governance framework for the whole-society participation in building a Beautiful China.