Abstract: The construction of a Beautiful China is a long-standing concern and striving goal of all Chinese people. Currently, China has initially formed a governance structure for the construction of a Beautiful China, characterized by joint participation of multiple entities under CPC leadership, government leadership, enterprises as the main players, social organizations and the general public. Supported by cultural guidance, institutional safeguards and nationwide participation mechanisms, the system achieves coordination among multiple mechanisms and forms a collaborative governance pattern featuring co-planning, co-construction, co-governance and shared benefits. However, there are still some issues within the whole-society participation in building a Beautiful China, such as the weak function of cultural cultivation, low levels of harmonious governance, and insufficient public participation. It calls for a shift in ideological thinking, the establishment of an ecological culture system, and the creation of an environmental governance system with the involvement of diverse stakeholders. Additionally, there is a need to improve mechanisms for active participation by everyone, ensuring the development of a collaborative governance framework for the whole-society participation in building a Beautiful China.