Abstract: A clear and unified definition and classification framework for ecosystem services (ES) is essential for effective management. However, the diversity of existing definitions and classification schemes restricts a comprehensive understanding and practical application of ES. This paper reviews the entire chain from the generation and flow of ES to their ultimate utilization, and critically summarizes the mainstream classification schemes and their management limitations based on key ES characteristics. To overcome these limitations, we propose a serviceshed-based classification framework. This scheme uses the spatial scope of ES supply-demand flow (sevice-shed) as its basis, categorizes services into resource-shed, watershed, wind-shed, human activity-shed, and biological-shed, aiming to promote the spatially precise and integrated management of ES. The paper argues that future ES classification research must undergo a paradigm shift from a functional cognitive orientation to a practical, management-oriented system. Therefore, we highlight three key areas for future research: first, constructing a refined classification based on formation mechanisms; second, strengthening full-chain empirical research; and third, establishing a clear, universally applicable standards for policy-oriented classification. This will significantly promote the transition of ES research towards more refined and efficient management practices, providing a solid theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the sustainable use and protection of ecosystems.