Abstract: Based on the dialectical logic of material transformation between humans and nature as understood in Marxism, and starting from the historical context of the transformation of the primary social contradiction in the new era, examining the logic, interrelationship, and practical pathways for simultaneously promoting high-quality development and high-level protection holds significant theoretical innovation value and practical guidance. The logic of simultaneously advancing high-quality development and high-level protection aligns with the objective requirements of the stage of productive forces, follows the inherent principles of the socialist system, and reflects the inevitable choice of achieving comprehensive human development. From the perspective of their interrelationship, high-quality development and high-level protection exhibit a dialectical unity characterized by goal isomorphism, process synergy, and contradiction transformation. This not only lays a solid foundation for a high-quality life but also establishes an effective mechanism in practice to maintain a dynamic balance between development and protection, thereby strongly responding to the public's dual expectations for a beautiful ecological environment and a better life. By balancing development rights and ecological rights, incorporating the sense of fulfillment of the people into performance evaluations, and using green technology to benefit people's lives, we not only provide practical solutions for achieving modernization that harmonizes humanity with nature, but also inject powerful green momentum into the comprehensive advancement of socialist modernization.