Comparative Analysis of National Park System in Typical Countries

In this paper, we summarized and analyzed the national park system of ten countries, namely the United States, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Japan, and South Korea. Results are shown as follows. ① As for the concept definition and entry conditions of national parks, the definition from the IUCN is basically adopted by each country. In the entry conditions of national parks, they mostly focus on three aspects, which are resource's peculiarity and significance, little impact of human activities, and the attraction of landscape and ecological environment. ② As for the management system of national parks, there are many features. Firstly, in legal system, each country has developed special laws and regulations, which are well combinative with other relevant laws and regulations. Secondly, in management mechanism, there are three types, which are from top to bottom, local self-government, and the combined type. Thirdly, in fund, national parks of most countries are funded mainly by state financial allocations. Fourthly, in operation and management mechanism, there are four features, which are separation in management and administration, low price tickets, strengthening community participation and paying attention to environmental protection. All of these things can give important enlightenment for the establishment of national parks in China.