Relationship and Effect between State, Market and Society in National Parks in America before 1916

Since the founding of the Yellowstone National Park in America, the national park has been the focus of concerns as an emerging public resource management in the world. It is considered as not only one of internationally confirmed natural protected areas but also a political meaning-contained social space produced by the state, market and society. The driving forces from state, market and society have significant differences in the demands, positions and actions on national parks, particularly in the early stage from 1862 to 1916, and have produced deep effects on the later strategic positioning and construction of national park system in America. Looked upon as the origin of national parks, it would mirror the development of governance system and modernization of national parks in China.