Abstract: Based on the theories of contemporary rural geography, cultural ecology, and new archaeology, and starting with the settlement geography, this paper probes into the environmental background, settlement patterns, and the farmland landscape of Gelao villages of Wuchuan County in Guizhou Province from the perspective of human culture and space characteristics. Under the overall environment background of Gelao villages, this paper conducts a series of in-depth research and analysis of the landscape heterogeneity of the representative Longtan Village, such as the landscape composition, spatial elements, road networks, and the residential style, through which we found the research value of the landscape in Gelao villages, as well as many existing problems which seriously restrain its development and protection. Therefore we carried out the overall planning for relics protection and tourism development. which is expected to provide some references for seeking the suitable strategies to preserve the landscape of ethnic mountain villages while developing agricultural tourism, and to find a regional way to develop and protect the ethnic villages.