Abstract: Based on the relevant literatures about The Great Stalin Plan for the Transformation of Nature in English, the contents and implementation process of the Plan were sorted. Gaining the stable production of crops had been the dream for the former Soviet Union, however, the blindly expanding the scale and forced implementation of afforestation methods that were not experimentally verified yet led the Plan to the difficulty to be implemented. The experiences and lessons by reviewing the largest-scale construction engineering of forestry ecological environment in the world may provide inspirations for the construction of forestry ecological civilization in China.