Abstract: The relationship between man and nature is the epistemological dimension of human practical activity, focusing on how people cognize the law of nature and change the nature. It is the basis of the relationship between man and man, with a significance of occurrence. The relationship between man and man is the ontological dimension of human practical activities, and it determines the relationship between man and nature in the form of development, the extent, and direction of development in the future. The relationship between man and nature has always been intertwining with the relationship between man and man, and the two together promote the continuous progress of human civilization. Based on the fundamental principle of historical materialism, Marx and Engels grasped the symbiotic relationship between man and nature through dialectical thinking, providing a feasible way for us to understand the characteristics of contemporary ecological issues in China.