Abstract: In the new era of constructing ecological civilization, cultivating and improving the citizens' ecological literacy is not only the inherent requirement and the fundamental guarantee to carry out the construction of ecological civilization, but also is the need to realize citizens' comprehensive development. For better cultivating the ecological literacy of a citizen, it is necessary to sort out the research progress and development trend of ecological literacy at home and abroad. This paper reviews the research on ecological literacy in terms of concept, assessment and cultivation, and then puts forward the prospect of ecological literacy. Firstly, the evolution process of ecological literacy concept is clarified. Secondly, the methodology of ecological literacy assessment is summarized from the aspects of ecological literacy assessment content, assessment scale and assessment method. After that, the domestic and international cultivation methods of ecological literacy are sorted out. Finally, the research contents of ecological literacy at home and abroad are compared and reviewed, and the direction and trend of further research are prospected.