Abstract: In the Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844, Marx systematically analyzed the specific manifestations of alienation in the production mode of capitalist society based on the development status of capitalist society. In the work, he revealed the critical reason why the workers are getting poorer with the development of social productive forces and the accumulation of social wealth. At present, there do exist some real contradictions in our country such as the widening gap between the rich and the poor, the unreasonable distribution of social income, and corruption. How to grasp the key points and the core essentials will inevitably use Marx' s theory of alienated labor for analysis. Alienation exists not only in capitalist society; in fact, as long as there is private ownership, there will be fertile ground for the growth of alienation. To build a harmonious socialist society, the problem of alienation is a key constraint, not only in the production process, but also in interpersonal relationships.