中国古代园林的题名原则、事典源流及意义生长
Principles and Intertextuality:How to Title Scenic Spots for Chinese Classical Gardens
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摘要: 中国园林的特征是“景面文心”。为一座园林及园中分胜命名, 是中国古代园林诗性特质的一个重要体现。园林题名有一些基本原则, 如擅胜, 即凸显空间位置的绝胜; 意象, 即提示景观最富诗意的时刻; 因事, 即表明适宜的活动; 寓谕, 即寓情于物或直言明志。园林题名有一些著名事典, 它们既构成了文化传统, 又成为一种惯势和窠臼。点景命名不仅是类似文章标题创作的过程, 更是栖居哲学及生活智慧的昭显。园林题名的意义并不自足, 而是通过大量诗、文、记、解、述、注、铭等文字形式阐释和传颂, 将意义引向无限。Abstract: Chinese classical gardens are often depicted as being picturesque on the face and literary in the heart. To title a garden or name the scenery spots of a garden is a poetic character of Chinese gardens. Certain principles exist for such titling or naming: to show how propitious the place or location is; to imply the most wonderful seasons or special moments the spots enjoy; to declare what suitable activities are at certain places; to tell the feelings directly or by using a metaphor. There are stories or ways of thinking about titling the gardens which have become both traditional and stereotypical. Titling gardens and spots is not only like titling an article but also shows the owner's philosophy of living. The meaning of the titles or names is not self-enclosed; instead they extend to infinity through poetry, essays and other types of literary works by later generations.