Abstract: With the development of modern forest and grassland industry in China, the scope of cooperation between China's forest and grassland industry and international financial organizations has become increasingly broader. This paper makes an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of the international forestry grant projects in China, clarifies the basic principles and basic steps of implementing internal control on the projects, utilizes the method of causal analysis and qualitative test to identify and evaluate the project risk through a case study of "Sustainable Forest Management to Enhance the Resilience of Forests to Climate Change in China" funded by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, thereby constructing the internal control system on the basis of the five-element theory. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for the implementation of internal control of forestry international grant projects in China.