北京市集体林地流转市场发展现状及对策研究
Current Situation of and Countermeasures for Development of Collective Forestland Circulation Market in Beijing
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摘要: 集体林地流转是新一轮集体林权制度改革中出现的经济活动, 被认为有助于优化集体林地资源配置效率, 得到学术界和管理层的高度重视。以北京市作为研究区域, 基于全市首次开展的集体林地流转统计报表数据, 结合对转出方和转入方的实地调研, 采用描述统计与案例分析相结合的方法, 探析了集体林地市场流转发展现状及对策。研究表明:第一, 北京市集体林地流转市场活跃, 参与流转的集体林地面积大, 最为活跃的时期为2008—2015年; 第二, 市场主体多样, 但流转方式单一, 林业生态工程用地使得政府成为主要的转入方; 第三, 流转价格体系基本形成, 价格呈现逐年上升趋势, 且支付方式多样; 四, 流转后的用途多元化和收益多样化, 以生态用途为主的流转收益以生态效益为主, 以商业用途为主的流转收益取决于经营类型与经营者能力。为促进北京市集体林地流转市场健康发展, 建议完善集体林流转基本制度, 促进流转市场机制发展, 加强对林地流转市场的监管和服务。Abstract: Collective forest land circulation is an economic activity coming into being in this new round of collective forest tenure reform, and is regarded to be able to optimize the allocation efficiency of collective forestland, and thus draws strong attention from both academic community and administrative sectors. This paper aims at the current situation of collective forestland circulation market, and then discusses countermeasures for development of the market by applying statistical description and case analysis methods based on the statistical data of collective forestland circulation and the data from face-to- face interview on the market participants in Beijing. Research results are as follows. Firstly, the collective forestland circulation market is active, with the most active period appearing from 2008 to 2015, and the area of forestland involved in circulation is large. Secondly, the market players are diversified, while the circulation model is simple, resulting that the government becomes the main transferee of collective forestland in forestry ecological programs. Thirdly, the forestland circulation price system has been formed, the circulation price of forestland increases year by year, and there are various types of ways of payment. Fourthly, the uses of forestland circulated are multiple and the benefits from the forestland are also diversified. The forestland circulated mainly for ecological purpose is primarily targeted to gain ecological benefit, and the benefit from the forestland for commercial use is determined by the type of forestland management, and capacity of managers. In order to promote healthy development of collective forestland circulation market in Beijing, this paper recommends to perfect fundamental institutions for collective forestland circulation, accelerate development of circulation market mechanism, and reinforce supervision on and service to the forestland circulation market.