Abstract: National parks have significant value of science and research, and one of their main functions is for carrying out scientific research and monitoring on the basis of protection. This paper summarizes the types, protected objects, and characteristics of scientific research on national parks in China. Meanwhile, a national park scientific research monitoring system is established, which is composed of background survey, scientific research (involving the nature and the humanities and society), scientific monitoring (specifically on the environment factors, species and biological diversity, biological community and habitat, ecological system function, exotic species and human activities, and so on), and information management system. In addition, we describe the project management, management program and evaluation of scientific research monitoring. Finally, we put forward the relevant laws and regulations, basic strategy mechanism, personnel security, construction planning and other policy proposals, as well as directions of capacity building for national parks. In conclusion, our study aims to provide reference for the development of national park scientific research and monitoring, so as to support and promote construction and management of national parks.