Abstract: Based on the basic national conditions and development laws, it is of great significance to take effective measures to promote the construction of ecological civilization. Through combing and reflecting on the changes of forests and ecological environment in China for thousands of years, the author has a deeper understanding that the climate drought and land desertification in the history of Northwest China could be attributed mainly by the large-scale reduction of forest and wetland resources in the southeastern half of China (SEHC). In the future, a large-scale increase of forests and wetlands in SEHC will be the fundamental way to promote the wetting of Northwest China and then benefit forestry and grassland. In order to achieve the long-term goal of forest country, it is an important step to give priority to forestation in SEHC. To this end, the idea of giving priority to forestation in SEHC, and the paths of agroforestry compound management, woody grain and oil strategy, Ginkgo industry, forest city and rural areas coordinated with food security, are put forward.