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刘亮. 近代西方对中国北方毁林刻板印象的形成过程[J]. 北京林业大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 19(4): 55-69. DOI: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2019148
引用本文: 刘亮. 近代西方对中国北方毁林刻板印象的形成过程[J]. 北京林业大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 19(4): 55-69. DOI: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2019148
LIU Liang. The Formation Process of the Modern Western Stereotype of Deforestation in Northern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (Social Science), 2020, 19(4): 55-69. DOI: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2019148
Citation: LIU Liang. The Formation Process of the Modern Western Stereotype of Deforestation in Northern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (Social Science), 2020, 19(4): 55-69. DOI: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2019148

近代西方对中国北方毁林刻板印象的形成过程

The Formation Process of the Modern Western Stereotype of Deforestation in Northern China

  • 摘要: 通过对近代众多来华西方人士撰写的游记、考察报告等原始外文文献的翻检,对美国林学会、工程学会等学术共同体的多种刊物以及中西英文报刊资料的系统整理,从近代西方人关注中国森林的背景、收集信息的主体人群、传播信息的主要媒介、传播过程、质疑与争论等五个方面,对近代以来,欧洲、美国从传教士、科学家、工程师到政府等社会各个层面对中国北方形成毁林刻板印象的历史过程进行了深入研究。文章认为,美国学者对中美地理环境高度相似性的充分认识是近代美国比欧洲更加持续关注中国森林的背景;而当时美国面临与中国类似的森林危机,亟须通过反面教材的宣传促使全社会吸取教训、树立保护森林等资源的思想则是美国关注中国森林的动力。对中国北方毁林刻板印象的形成既是美国通过反复宣传中国毁林现象并以此为鉴,逐步建立起美国森林保护体系、完善林业法律与行政管理等政府行为的过程,也是林学知识在中美间循环流动的过程。

     

    Abstract: Through reviewing the original foreign literatures such as travel writing and investigation reports written by many westerners who came to China, and systematically sorting out various publications of academic communities such as the American Forestry Society and the Engineering Society, as well as the Chinese and western English newspapers and periodicals, this paper focuses on the background of China’s forests, the main group of people collecting information, and the communication letters from the modern westerners. From five aspects, namely, the main media, the process of dissemination, doubts and disputes, this paper carries out a thorough study of the historical process of forming a stereotype of deforestation in northern China in Europe and the United States from the viewpoints of missionaries, scientists, engineers and the government. The article holds that the American scholars’ full understanding of the high similarity of geographical environment between China and the United States is the background that the United States pays more attention to China’s forests than Europe in modern times. At that time, the United States was facing a similar forest crisis as China, and urgently needed to promote the whole society to set up the idea of learning lessons and protecting forests and other resources through propaganda of negative textbooks. It is the driving force for the United States to focus on China’s forests. The formation of stereotype of deforestation in northern China is not only the process of establishing the forest protection system, perfecting forestry laws and administration in the United States, but also the process of circulation of forestry knowledge between China and the United States by repeatedly publicizing the phenomenon of deforestation in China and drawing lessons from it.

     

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