Abstract: During the past 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, ecological education has experienced five typical stages. At present, ecological education has been written into the national education development plan and incorporated into the school education system. The major of ecology in higher education has been upgraded to a first-level discipline, and the penetration of sustainable ecology and landscape ecology in the secondary discipline has been continuously strengthened in the social and economic fields. Eco-environmental public welfare organizations have flourished and the public’s ecological awareness has continuously improved. China’s ecological education has entered a new stage in the sense of depth and breadth. Under the guidance of XI Jin-ping’s new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics and XI Jin-ping’s ecological civilization thoughts, the current ecological education in China should still exert its efforts in building an ecological cultural system, consolidating the ecological education system, and cultivating multi-level ecological talents. While exploring the ecological education system and mechanism, it provides a cultural accumulation and scientific literate soil for the further improvement of China’s ecological civilization system and the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and basic realization of modernization of education in 2035.