Abstract: The ecological problem is essentially a contradiction between ecosystem evolution and the pursuit of the value for human survival. Based on modern science of complexity, the contradictions between the evolution of ecosystem and the pursuit of human survival value are analyzed in perspective of dialectics. At the same time, the concept of open ecological civilization is put forward. The paper points out that the evolution of human culture accelerates the evolution of ecosystem, which in return restricts the survival and development of human beings to some extent. The author argues that when the new “curtain” of the evolution of the earth’s ecosystem comes, human beings must re-examine their own civilization model, make a balanced choice between the law of facts and the pursuit of value, correctly locate the survival value of human beings and their position in the earth’s ecosystem, stop clinging to or sticking to the original enclosed civilization model, and establish the development model synchronized with the evolution of the ecosystem on the basis of an open ecosystem.