Abstract: China's natural protected area system, with nature reserves as the main body, has played an important role in protecting most of China's natural ecosystems and wildlife resources in a critical historical period. It is set up according mainly to resource elements and established and operated according to their respective laws and regulations, which is lacking in unified coordination of national laws. Inevitably, there are some problems, such as overlapping, multi-management, unfulfilled rights and responsibilities, unscientific classification, different protection standards, unclear public welfare attributes, and the contradiction between protection and development difficult to coordinate. These problems seriously restrict the development of nature reserves in China, and it is urgent to reform the current management system and mechanism in the field of nature reserves. Establishing national park system is a key reform task proposed by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, and an important content of China's ecological civilization system building. Its essence is to improve the management system and governance capacity of natural protected area, form a modern governance system, and to constantly improve the management efficiency of China's nature conservation. On the basis of reviewing the development and problem of China's natural protected area system, this paper summarizes the progress of the national park system pilot, analyzes the objectives, principle and key tasks at the reform of natural protected area system, and points out that the establishment of the new natural protected area system must highlight the Chinese concept, build the Chinese model, and reflect the Chinese efficiency. The purpose is to provide direction and suggestions for the establishment of the natural protected area system with national parks as the main body.