Abstract: China's social and economic development has entered a new era, with increased attention from all walks of life on the ecological environment, and the systematic research on ecological protection and construction has been also gradually strengthened. As one of the key members of a series of national think tanks and Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, Professor Shen Guofang has carried out theoretical research and policy consultation in the fields of forestry, ecology and environment for a long time. He believes that ecological conservation and construction should be based on the harmonious development of human and nature, conform to the objective law of development as well as China's own characteristics, integrate the measures of ecological protection and construction, and implement classified policies for natural ecosystem and artificial ecosystem. These new theories have been applied to the major policy-making, major project implementation, and international exchange and cooperation in the field of ecology and environment in China.