美国参与赈济1906—1913年淮河流域饥荒及其农林、水利措施

刘亮

doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2021224

美国参与赈济1906—1913年淮河流域饥荒及其农林、水利措施

刘亮

中国科学院自然科学史研究所

基金项目: 中国科学院青年创新促进会项目“近代西方对中国北方毁林的关注与研究”（E0290101）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘亮，副研究员。主要研究方向：林学史、博物学。Email：liuliang@ihns.ac.cn　地址：100190 北京市海淀区中关村东路55号中科院自然科学史研究所

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-19
- 录用日期: 2022-10-30
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-31
- 发布日期: 2022-12-29

Role of America in Famine Relief in Huai River Basin and Its Measures on Agriculture-forestry & Water Conservation in 1906–1913

Liu Liang

Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R.China

摘要

摘要: 由于地势低洼，排水不畅，加上受到黄河和运河的影响，淮河流域一直是中国发生洪水灾害最多的地区之一。1906—1913年，在这一地区罕见地连续数年发生水灾，引起持续饥荒和瘟疫。当时恰值清末民初这样一个大变革时期，政府需要应对的危机接踵而至，而瘟疫的流行又给赈灾工作增加了很大困难。美国为缓解此前因排华法案而在中国引起的联合抵制美国商品运动，适时地伸出援助之手筹集善款及物资帮助赈济灾民，并派数名工程师来华参与洪水控制，而美国在华所办教会大学金陵大学农学教授裴义理组织灾民开展紫金山造林与农场聚居地计划。在美属菲律宾林业局局长埃亨，中国留美回国林学家韩安及美国当时驻南京、上海领事与金陵大学协调下，美国将剩余赈款用于建立金陵大学林科以培养林学人才。上述举措为此后赈灾、防灾工作积累了大量的经验，也开启了整个20世纪上半叶中美在农林、水利工程、道路建设、疫病应对等方面的合作。
- 淮河流域 /
- 赈济饥荒 /
- 农林 /
- 水利
Abstract: Due to the low terrain, poor drainage, and the influence of the Yellow River and the Great Canal, the Huai River Basin has been one of the most flood-prone areas in China. In 1906−1913, floods occurred for several consecutive years in this area, causing persistent famines and plague. At that time, it was just a period of great change in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The crisis that the government needed to deal with came one after another, and the plague epidemic added great difficulties to the relief work. The United States timely extended a helping hand to raise charity funds and materials to help the victims, and there were some new trends in disaster relief ideas and measures. Several engineers were sent to China to participate in investigation and research on flood control. Bailie, Professor of Agriculture inNanking University, a missionary university run by the United States in China, organized the victims to carry out the afforestation in Purple Mountain and Farm Colony plan. Under the coordination of Ahern, director of the US Philippine forestry administration, Han an, a Chinese returned Forester from the United States, the US consuls in Nanjing and Shanghai at that time and Nanking University, the remaining relief fund donated by the United States was used to establish the Forestry Department of Nanking University to cultivate forestry talents. The above measures have accumulated a lot of experience for disaster relief and prevention since then, and also opened the cooperation between China and the United States in agriculture and forestry, water conservancy projects, road construction, disease response and so on in the first half of the 20th century.
- Huai River Basin /
- famine relief /
- agriculture-forestry /
- water conservation

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参考文献(114)

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美国参与赈济1906—1913年淮河流域饥荒及其农林、水利措施

作者简介: 刘亮，副研究员。主要研究方向：林学史、博物学。Email：liuliang@ihns.ac.cn 地址：100190 北京市海淀区中关村东路55号中科院自然科学史研究所

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出版历程

Role of America in Famine Relief in Huai River Basin and Its Measures on Agriculture-forestry & Water Conservation in 1906–1913

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出版历程

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作者简介:
刘亮，副研究员。主要研究方向：林学史、博物学。Email：liuliang@ihns.ac.cn　地址：100190 北京市海淀区中关村东路55号中科院自然科学史研究所