Characteristics of Vernacular Landscape of Traditional Villages and Visitors Perception: A Case Study of Xixi South Village
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摘要:
乡土景观是乡村环境和文化多样性的重要载体。以安徽西溪南村为例，运用因子分析、回归分析等方法探讨游客的乡土景观特征感知和地方感及两者之间的内在关系。研究发现：乡土景观特征感知的5个维度，即自然景观、乡土聚落、田园景观、传统文化与乡土乡情得分均较高且个体差异甚微；地方感的3个维度，即地方情感、地方认知与行为意愿个体存在明显差异；同时乡土景观特征感知对于游客构建地方感有正向的促进作用，地方感的地方认知和地方情感要素具有相互促进作用，地方情感以及地方认知对游客的行为意愿也有正向促进作用。最后在研究结论和调查的基础上对传统村落发展提出了建议。
Abstract:Vernacular landscape is an important carrier of rural environment and cultural diversity. Taking Xixi South Village in Anhui Province as an example, this paper explores tourists' perception of vernacular landscape characteristics and sense of place and the relationship between them through factor analysis and regression analysis. The five dimensions of perception on vernacular landscape characteristics, i.e., natural landscape, vernacular building, farming landscape, traditional cultural and local feeling, have high scores and there are few individual differences among tourists. Sense of place has three dimensions, namely place emotion, place cognition and behavioral intention, and there are obvious differences among tourists. At the same time, the perception on vernacular landscape characteristics has a positive role in promoting the construction of tourists' sense of place. Local cognition and local emotion of the sense of place promote each other, and local emotion and local cognition also positively promote tourists' behavioral intention. Finally, based on the research findings, we propose suggestions for the development of traditional villages, which will provide a reference for traditional villages to explore the deep meaning of vernacular landscape characteristics from a multi-dimensional perspective, establish sense of place, and promote the sustainable development of rural tourism.
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Keywords:
- vernacular landscape /
- sense of place /
- traditional village /
- Xixi South Village
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表 1 生活地类型与乡土景观特征感知相关性
乡土景观特征感知 童年生活地类型 现在生活地类型 显著性 显著性 自然景观 0.298 0.095 乡土聚落 0.397 0.388 田园景观 0.003 0.001 传统文化 0.304 0.176 乡土乡情 0.092 0.262 
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表 2 乡土景观特征感知分析表
乡土景观特征感知 指标得分 因子载荷 公因子 测量指标 均值 整体均值 标准差 方差 自然景观 乡土聚落 田园景观 传统文化 乡土乡情 自然景观 气候舒适宜人 4.403 4.403 0.692 0.480 0.505 0.148 0.142 0.131 0.399 植被茂盛，空气清新 4.585 0.584 0.341 0.771 0.067 0.199 0.014 0.156 生态环境好 4.340 0.829 0.688 0.706 0.146 0.027 0.207 0.175 村中有上百年的古树 4.196 0.942 0.887 0.708 0.106 0.203 0.219 0.173 山水风光美丽 4.389 0.791 0.626 0.652 0.271 0.106 0.205 0.088 乡土聚落 村落的传统风貌保存完好 4.103 4.058 0.916 0.840 0.148 0.773 0.012 0.192 0.217 村中房屋是传统徽派建筑 4.128 0.886 0.785 0.246 0.771 0.150 0.142 0.069 村中祠堂保存完好 3.900 0.913 0.833 0.060 0.768 0.299 0.177 0.046 村中历史构筑保存完好 4.021 0.916 0.838 0.097 0.787 0.203 0.202 0.200 村落格局保存完好 4.138 0.866 0.750 0.262 0.550 0.349 0.146 0.157 田园景观 村民生活与土地关系密切 4.061 3.882 0.871 0.758 0.176 0.154 0.774 0.124 0.139 田地齐整，管理良好 3.881 0.906 0.820 0.095 0.257 0.822 0.185 0.110 传统的农业设施仍然发挥作用 3.830 0.955 0.913 0.125 0.269 0.703 0.198 0.221 在田间地头可以看到当地村民在耕作 3.758 1.055 1.114 0.193 0.166 0.714 0.330 0.109 传统文化 当地有“四雕”等传统技艺 3.981 3.922 0.935 0.873 0.117 0.337 0.191 0.690 0.145 当地人之间仍以方言交流 3.937 0.995 0.989 0.178 0.082 0.343 0.654 0.147 传统民俗特色鲜明 3.984 0.965 0.932 0.091 0.282 0.087 0.746 0.269 有丰富的人物、典故或传说 3.786 1.014 1.029 0.081 0.257 0.251 0.696 0.159 乡土乡情 村落氛围安静祥和 4.138 4.256 0.933 0.871 0.268 0.033 0.421 0.125 0.446 当地的土特产品质优良 4.175 0.920 0.846 0.176 0.298 0.138 0.303 0.645 村民淳朴善良，对游客亲切友好 4.350 0.791 0.625 0.092 0.125 0.209 0.219 0.839 村民友善和睦，人际关系和谐 4.359 0.777 0.604 0.091 0.146 0.161 0.227 0.830
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表 3 地方感分析表
地方感 指标得分 因子载荷 公因子 测量指标 均值 整体均值 标准差 方差 地方情感 地方认知 行为意愿 地方情感 在这里我感到舒适和放松 4.256 3.929 0.880 0.775 0.870 0.206 0.140 这里使我感到精神振奋 4.030 0.943 0.889 0.833 0.325 0.112 在这里我仿佛回到了无忧无虑的童年时光 3.671 1.088 1.184 0.540 0.601 0.163 我很喜爱并且留恋这个村落 3.758 1.017 1.035 0.611 0.564 0.211 地方认知 这里的风土人情和我的故乡相似 3.478 3.441 1.143 1.306 0.056 0.822 0.013 我在这里有归属感 3.347 1.116 1.246 0.228 0.839 0.120 在这里的旅游体验比其他地方都愉快 3.664 1.011 1.023 0.327 0.761 0.107 这里对我而言有重要的意义 3.275 1.162 1.349 0.279 0.805 0.103 行为意愿 我会带这里的土特产回去 2.991 3.353 1.180 1.392 0.007 0.247 0.802 如果有时间，我愿意再次来这里旅游 3.786 1.088 1.183 0.477 0.544 0.230 如果条件允许，我愿意在这里长住 3.322 1.154 1.331 0.335 0.662 0.259 我会带亲密的人来玩，或者把这里推荐给亲友 3.555 1.211 1.467 0.334 0.017 0.752 我会贡献时间/金钱让这里变得更好 3.114 1.145 1.312 0.097 0.119 0.875
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表 4 乡土景观特征感知与地方感相关性
地方情感 地方认知 行为意愿 自然景观 0.422 0.383 0.312 乡土聚落 0.324 0.359 0.315 田园景观 0.447 0.447 0.351 传统文化 0.436 0.471 0.391 乡土乡情 0.460 0.454 0.366
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表 5 乡土景观特征感知与地方感回归分析
模型 非标准化系数B 标准系数Beta t检验值 显著性 共线性统计量 容差 VIF 地方情感 自然景观 0.310
（0.072）0.203 4.300 0.000 0.730 1.370 乡土乡情 0.248
（0.070）0.194 3.543 0.000 0.543 1.843 田园景观 0.180
（0.057）0.171 3.185 0.002 0.563 1.775 传统文化 0.138
（0.059）0.130 2.317 0.021 0.521 1.919 地方认知 传统文化 0.249
（0.067）0.209 3.720 0.000 0.521 1.919 乡土乡情 0.242
（0.079）0.169 3.071 0.002 0.543 1.843 自然景观 0.251
（0.081）0.147 3.092 0.002 0.730 1.370 田园景观 0.193
（0.064）0.163 3.016 0.003 0.563 1.775 地方情感 地方认知 0.619
（0.031）0.697 20.098 0.000 1.000 1.000 地方认知 地方情感 0.785
（0.039）0.697 20.098 0.000 1.000 1.000 行为意愿 地方情感 0.461
（0.052）0.466 8.946 0.000 0.514 1.946 地方认知 0.192
（0.046）0.219 4.200 0.000 0.514 1.946 注：括号内为标准误差。
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