Abstract: Engels's Dialectics of Nature contains a wealth of ecological ideas, of which the idea of "learning to estimate the natural influence of production behavior" is an important content. In the past, we expounded a lot on the social impact of production behavior, and the natural impact of production behavior was not studied enough, and the ecological and environmental problems in reality were often the result of people ignoring the natural influence of production behavior. Therefore, the excavation of Engels's idea of "learning to estimate the natural effects of production behavior" is our new research domain. Engels criticized the short-sighted behavior of people in production, prompting people to learn to recognize, estimate, and control the natural effects of production behavior. At the same time, Engels analyzed the reasons why people ignore the natural influence of production behavior from the perspective of capitalist mode of production and the greedy nature of capitalists. Engels's idea of natural dialectics also contains the theoretical core of ecological dialectics, which deserves our great attention. Engels's idea of "learning to estimate the natural influence of production behavior" has left a strong mark in the history of human ecological thought, providing important theoretical support and practical compliance for today's ecological civilization construction.