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需求侧视角下的北京城市公园公平性研究

The Equity of Beijing Urban Parks from the Perspective of Demand

  • 摘要: 城市公园具有改善空气质量、缓解城市热岛效应、增加娱乐机会、提升美学价值、促进身心健康以及预防自然灾害和紧急避险等多重功能,是城市居民环境公平的重要组成部分。选取北京市9 311个居民小区为研究单元,利用在线地图的真实规划数据分析了不同交通方式下城市公园综合可达性,并计算了综合公平性。然后,通过计算基尼系数、洛伦兹曲线和区位熵,分析了北京市城市公园的公平性。得到以下结论:总体上看,北京市城市公园公平性北部优于南部、西部优于东部,呈现明显的“内部面状、中部线状、外部点状”圈层性结构,公平性得分高的地区主要集中在四环以内;公共交通在高人口密度的居民小区的城市公园公平性得分较低;北京市城市公园的基尼系数为0.35,与国外超大型城市相比空间分配公平性更好,但仍存在一定的配置失衡。

     

    Abstract: As an essential part of environment equity, urban parks provide various benefits such as improving air quality, alleviating urban heat island effect, increasing entertainment opportunities, enhancing aesthetic value, promoting physical and mental health, preventing natural disasters, offering emergency shelters, etc. This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the equity of urban parks from the perspectives of accessibility of urban parks in terms of quality, quantity, square and time based on 9 311 residential communities in different traffic patterns. Social equity is discussed based on the Gini coefficient, Lorentz curve and location entropy. In a conclusion, the equity of urban parks in the northern part of Beijing is better than that in the south, and the west is better than the east, and an obvious circle structure is presented with the characteristics of "internally plane, centrally linear, and externally dotted". The areas with higher scores are mainly located within the Fourth Ring Road. The equity of public transportation in urban parks in high-density residential areas is relatively poor. The Gini coefficient of urban park resources in Beijing is 0.35, still imbalanced to some extent in allocation, but is better than that of other super large cities.

     

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