Abstract: Human practice, especially production and labor practice, is the intermediary connection of the relationship between man and nature. Based on Marx's theory of labor, this paper takes the historical evolution of the relationship between man and nature as the research starting point, and explores the effective path to realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Marx's treatise on the relationship between man and nature explains that the relationship between man and nature has undergone three historical evolution stages: deterrence, conquest and symbiosis. The evolution of this relationship is directly related to the intermediary role of labor. It is the transformation of labor form from natural force labor to instrumental labor and then to green labor that drives the historic evolution of the relationship between man and nature. Realistically, the mode of production under the capitalist system is difficult to practice green labor, which destroys the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Only by reforming the capitalist mode of production and eliminating alienated labor can we effectively promote green labor and realize harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Socialism with Chinese characteristics contributes Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.