Abstract: Through the investigation of traditional settlements and the collection of historical materials, drawing lessons from the conceptual and connotation of cognitive schema and integrating space syntax theory and structuralist linguistic methods, the paper makes a comparative study of the traditional settlement space between the Han and Zhuang nationalities in northern Guangxi. The paper sums up the materialized forms of the spatial schema of traditional settlements. Through the syntactic illustration and interpretation of the traditional settlement space, the paper interprets the spatial schema logic and features of the traditional settlement. This paper probes into the construction mechanism of the traditional settlement spatial schema from the aspects of natural environment, social organization, cultural belief, economic technology, etc. The paper catches the similarity and difference of traditional settlement spatial characteristics and social order and cultural information of different nationalities in northern Guangxi. The paper tries to generalize the logic of constructing traditional settlement space and the research can be used for reference to protect, inherit and develop the traditional settlement under urbanization context, and also be used for reference by the design of urban public space.