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文化生态视域下美国国家公园体系的形成及对我国创建国家文化公园的启示

The Formation of National Park System and Enlightenment to the Establishment of National Culture Parks in China from the Perspective of Cultural Ecology

  • 摘要: 1872年,美国时任总统尤里西斯·格兰特签署国会立法,世界上第一个国家公园——黄石国家公园在美国正式设立,开启了人类保护原生自然资源的征程。美国能先于欧洲从国家层面设立世界首个国家公园,与其固有的文化生态紧密相关。从文化生态的视域,阐述美国国家公园设立的时代背景,探究其设立背后的缘由,并揭示美国国家公园兴起与美国新教文化之间的紧密关系;回顾美国国家公园从诞生到国家公园体系形成的发展历程,结合美国在国家公园体系运营和管理方面的实践经验,为新时代我国创建国家文化公园提供有益的启示和借鉴。

     

    Abstract: In 1872, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed a congressional legislation to officially establish the world's first national park, Yellowstone National Park, thus embarking on a journey to protect the native natural resources. The United States could take the lead in establishing the world's first national park, which was closely related to its inherent cultural ecology. From the perspective of cultural ecology, this paper elaborates the historical background of the establishment of national parks in the United States, explores the reasons behind the establishment of national parks, and reveals the close relationship between the rise of national parks and American Protestant culture. This paper reviews the development process of the national park from its birth to the formation of the national park system in the United States, combines the practical experience of the United States in the operation and management of the national park system, and provides beneficial enlightenment and reference for China to establish its national cultural parks in the new era.

     

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