Abstract: Taking the theoretical connotation of high-quality development of rural forestry as the basis of analysis, taking into account the different functions of rural forestry stations, rural forestry farms, forest farmers and new forestry management subjects, we analyze the theoretical connotation of high-quality development of rural forestry based on the perspective of "emphasizing both quantity and quality", and deconstruct the theoretical connotation of "quantitative expansion" and "qualitative improvement". Based on the statistical data from 2012 to 2020, we construct an evaluation system for high-quality development of rural forestry and an obstacle identification model to further examine the level and dynamic evolution trend of high-quality development of rural forestry in China, in order to provide scientific reference for further improving the service capacity of rural forestry stations, and the management capacity of rural forest farms, forest farmers and new forestry management bodies. The study indicates that the high-quality development of rural forestry in China faces the dilemma of regional imbalance and insufficiency, and at the same time, the current high-quality development of rural forestry mainly relies on "quantitative expansion", but with a slow growth of "qualitative improvement". Therefore, in the management activities of rural forest farms and rural forestry stations, efforts should be made to strengthen the "qualitative" breakthrough, realize the "quantitative" balance and empower the "synergistic" mechanism, and effectively promote high-quality development that synergizes the "quality" and "quantity" of rural forestry.