Abstract: Modernization is the main objective and inevitable choice for all the countries around the world. Each country need to find his own modernization pattern which is suitable for his national conditions and cultural backgrounds. Marx and Engels criticized the phenomenon and essence of western modernization from the 18th to 19th centuries, believing that the capitalist production mode and values for capital growth are essentially anti-ecological. Given the fact that China has special cultural tradition, special historical background and basic national conditions, Chinese modernization is different with western modernization. On the basis of learning from the experience and lessons of developed and developing countries in the process of modernization, the promotion of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature is regarded as an important feature and essential requirement of Chinese modernization. Marx and Engels' capitalist ecological criticism and Chinese modernization theory are consistent in the view of development, nature and mass, which can provide theoretical support for the modernization of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Marx and Engels' thought of industrial production in communist society, dialectical materialism's view of nature, and the thought of all-round development of human beings have important implications for the modernization of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.