Abstract: The western ecological modernization theory is a traditional ecological theory based on the capitalist system with the goal of capital proliferation. Chinese ecology modernization has overcome the drawbacks of western ecological modernization on the basis of fully drawing lessons, integrating production development, prosperous life, and good ecology. Chinese ecology modernization is a modernization based on national conditions, harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, adherence to people first, and coordinated development of ecology, economy, and culture. In terms of future practice direction, through the modernization of ecological governance, the systematization of ecological industries, the modernization of ecological governance, and the development and prosperity of ecological cultural undertakings, we will fully leverage ecological advantages in the modernization process, achieve a win-win situation of economic development and environmental protection, and provide a Chinese model for exploring and solving the environmental problems faced by humans in the modernization process.