Abstract: A good ecological environment is the foundation and guarantee for the sustainable development of human society; however, driven by the "utility principle" and proliferation of capital, ecological issues in human society are becoming increasingly prominent. Marx and Engels analyzed the symbiotic relationship between capitalism and ecological destruction, explored the root cause of the alienation between humans and their "inorganic bodies", and demonstrated the catalytic effect of the "capitalist application of machines" on the engulfment of nature by capital. They deeply criticized the anti-ecological nature of capitalism. In response to the spread and deterioration of ecological crises, contemporary ecological Marxist scholars have explored the root causes and solutions of ecological crises, but there is a tendency to deviate from the original intention and practical character of Marxist theory. Under the unprecedented great changes in a century of the world, in order to address the global ecological crisis and build a clean and beautiful China as well as the world, it is necessary to adhere to Marxist stance and principles in theory, and explore effective ways to solve ecological problems in practice.