Abstract: Developing new quality productivity is an important focus that aims to accelerate green, low-carbon and high-quality development, and to realize Chinese path to modernization. This article first analyzes the current situation and problems of China's agricultural green and low-carbon development from four aspects: industrial system, production system, management system, and policy system. Secondly, from the perspectives of agricultural industry transformation and upgrading, improvement of agricultural production efficiency, cultivation of new agricultural management entities, and improvement of agricultural policy system, this paper studies the internal mechanism of new quality productivity driving agricultural green and low-carbon development. Finally, from the perspectives of enhancing the exploration and utilization of the functions of new quality productivity, increasing innovation and application of key agricultural technologies, strengthening the intensive allocation of production factors and efficient utilization of resources, establishing and optimizing an agricultural policy system that is compatible with the development of new quality productivity, this paper proposes targeted policy paths to empowering green and low-carbon development of agriculture through new quality productivity, in order to play a powerful and effective role in promoting the agricultural green and low-carbon development in China.