Abstract: The Chinese practice of harmonious coexistence between man and nature is not only guided by the Marxist ecological outlook, but also contains a profound reflection on the path of capitalist modernization, and is also rooted in the traditional Chinese ecological ethics of "the unity of man and nature", which has a clear theoretical basis, practical logic and profound cultural foundation. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China has taken economic recovery and development as the main line, and has gone through four stages: ecological practice exploration in economic recovery (1949-1978), reconciliation of contradictions in development and governance (1978-2000), optimization of environmental governance in economic growth (2000-2012), and in-depth promotion of economic and ecological integration development (2012-present). Based on the summary of historical experience, we have refined the practical principles of co-governance, symbiosis and sharing, clarified the development mechanism, development path and development goals of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and fully demonstrated the unique practical wisdom of Chinese modernization.