Abstract: The establishment of national parks is often confronted with potential conflicts between ecological conservation objectives and community livelihood needs. Investigating the mechanisms influencing residents' support for national park development constitutes a critical issue for promoting sustainable park management. Based on survey data from 354 residents within and surrounding the Wuyishan National Park, this study employs panel data analysis, occupational transition statistical testing, and logistic regression modeling to systematically examine residents' livelihood adaptation characteristics and their support mechanisms through the dual pathways of livelihood adjustment and perceptions/cognition. Key findings reveal: (1) Significant restructuring occurred in occupational composition among community residents before and after park establishment. The most prevalent transition observed was a shift from full-time farming to diversified part-time occupations, affecting 20.69% of the originally farming-oriented cohort; (2) Notable adjustments emerged in land-use patterns, characterized by reduced cropland area alongside expanded tea plantation acreage. Resident household incomes demonstrated significant improvement; (3) 69.21% of residents expressed support for the national park initiative, with higher levels of awareness regarding park policies, understanding of conservation objectives, and satisfaction with ecological compensation mechanisms significantly and positively influencing their supportive stance. The study concludes that livelihood adjustments provide foundational prerequisites for resident support, while cognition and perceptions translate economic gains into psychological value endorsement, collectively establishing dual economic-psychological drivers to enhance support. Policy recommendations include strengthening policy communication, optimizing community-based industry development for sustainable income enhancement, improving ecological compensation satisfaction, and implementing adaptive publicity strategies targeting diverse demographic groups to holistically elevate resident support for national park development.