Abstract: The modernization of new quality productivity enabling the harmonious coexistence of man and nature is conducive to the realization of three transformations in the substantive elements of productivity : it is conducive to the transformation of workers from repetitive physical and mental workers to innovative green workers, and is conducive to the realization of the transformation of labor materials from high resource consumption to intelligent green type, and is conducive to the realization of the transformation of labor objects from one-time use to re-utilization. Through the ecological wisdom of new type of workers, the green intelligence of new type of labor materials and the green attributes of new type labor objects,new quality productive forces can effectively enable the modernization of harmonious co-existence between human and nature. However, the modernization of new quality productivity that enables harmonious coexistence between man and nature still faces realistic challenges such as a significant shortage of green innovation talents, insufficient green technological innovation, and stagnation in the flow of data labor objects. At the practical level, it is essential to establish a talent cultivation system for green innovation, strengthen the green technology innovation system, and improve the green governance framework for data elements, thereby accelerating the development of new quality productive forces to facilitate the realization of modernization featuring harmony between humanity and nature.