Abstract: The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter is a classical story about bamboo and a symbol of Japanese bamboo culture. This paper analyzes and makes a textual study on Japanese bamboo culture and its biological features by choosing eight aspects in the Tale of the Bamboo Cutter, which include distribution of bamboo in Heian Period(794—1185), relations among March, growing-up and naming, bamboo root and 10 cm, and so on.