Abstract: Under the background of the forestry tenure reform in southern collective forest areas, the problem of forest land fragmentation becomes more evident , and this gives rise to forest operators'demand for forest land scale management. From the perspective of economics, institutional theory and the characteristics of collective forest regions, this paper makes a theoretical analysis of the forest land scale management in southern collective forest areas. It discusses the constraints of forest land scale management in southern collective forest areas after a new round of collective forest tenure reform in terms of resource attributes and system. Finally,this paper puts forward some suggestions in order to advance forest land scale management in the future.