Abstract: The period of early Republic of China was an important transition period in China' s forestry administration，during which there appeared an upsurge in the perception of forestry functions, the introduction of the western forestry concepts, the establishment of forestry management organizations or related nongovernmental bodies, and the issuing of a series of forest laws or regulations, all focusing on the ecosystem construction. While the upsurge faded after some ten years with little effects owing to various reasons, the forestry administration in this period has some rational points in system design and operation mechanism. Besides, a group of excellent forestry scientists and technicians emerged at the same time. They endured great hardships in poineer work and made their contributions to the development of forestry though their dreams didn' t come true because of poor political environment. It follows that the ecological environment is closely related to the political one.