Abstract: By studying the policies of inland agricultural development during Brazilian military government, the article explored the reasons of developing the inland agriculture, analyzed and discussed its characteristics and influences. The reasons that military government exploited the inland are not only duo to inland farmers'eagerness for land and the unprecedented strengthening power of the central government, but also inseparable from the economic development strategy of that time. Inland settlers and rural infrastructure construction were the forerunner of inland agricultural development. Concurrently, a series of support policies and the promotion of agricultural science and technology were also supplemented by the government. During this period, the inland agricultural development effectively contributed to the integration of the Brazilian economy, and ended the historic situation of coexistence of two Brazilian冶, which was conducive to strengthen the effective control of the central government to the local, and laid the status of Brazilian as a great agricultural country and contemporary Brazil's agricultural pattern. However, improper policy or inherent defects led to serious ecological destruction, which increased the gap between the rich and the poor, it is, to some extent, adverse for Brazil's sustainable development of economy and society.