Abstract: This paper selected the biodiversity and carbon cycle-related literature collected in the Web of Science (WOS) database as the basis. This paper employed a bibliometric analysis to systematically sort out the historical background, hot spots, research trends, and the complexity and differences of specific relationships. Finally, the implications for China were summarized on this basis. The results showed that: ① the overall development of the field of biodiversity and the carbon cycle is divided into three periods; ② the relevant research hotspots and development trends include: soil microbial diversity and carbon cycle, ecosystem service trade-offs and synergistic relationships, "blue carbon" in coastal zones, and the development and application of technologies and models; ③ the specific relationship studies present complexity and variability. Therefore, in the future, China should further enhance the exploration of the trade-offs and co-benefits relationships between the two in this field of research and continue to focus on critical ecosystems and the application of various new methods and technologies. In addition, China should introduce corresponding policy guidelines, action guidelines, and evaluation and assessment mechanisms at the national level, establish a nationally shared data monitoring and management platform, and continuously promote collaboration between climate change response and biodiversity conservation.